What affects the bounce of a squash ball Essay Example

What affects the bounce of a squash ball Essay I hypothesize that the hotter the squash ball the more it will bounce.A squash ball is made up of a rubber sphere containing air. The air molecules in the ball will increase in speed as you heat it. Heat energy is then converted to kinetic energy. The speed the molecules hit the side with increase, which means the momentum of the molecules is increased. Newtons 2nd Law stated that the force is proportional to the rate of change of momentum.Greater rate of change of momentum means greater force. So it bounces more.But Force = PressureAreaAnd the surface area of the ball will remain constant. So the pressure inside the ball increases and if the pressure inside the ball is higher it will bounce higher.WILL BE KEPT CONSTANT* Mass Of ballMass of ball is made of a particular type of mass as given by the world governing bodies* Input ForceThis will be constant as simply dropping the ball will mean no force is being used.* Surface Bounced onDifficult to measure so lab floor will be used cons tantly.* HeightDropped from 1 metre* MaterialMaterial of ball is made of a particular type of mass as given by the world governing bodiesMethodHeat ball up then place it in a beaker of boiling water. Then measure the temperature and drop the ball in at 1m. Measure temperature of water to find out the temperature of squash ball.To get the ball at an accurate temperature the entire ball must be submerged. The ball will be taken out of the water as quickly as possible so heat loss would be about 20 seconds each time.Rubber isnt a good heat conductor so the ball will be kept submerged for a period of 2 minutes.The ball will be held at the 1 metre mark and then dropped. The height bounced will be recorded. Results will be recorded for each bounce. I will take 9 temperature readings and do each test 3 times and then average them.EquipmentSquash ballBunsen BurnerThermometerWater1 Metre rulerStopwatchTongsBeakerGauzeTripodStopwatchSafetyGoggles must be worn because of mercury in the thermom eter and the bunsen burner.Tongs will be used to handle squash balls because of high temperatures.Preliminary ReadingsBounced from 1 metreTemperatureBounce HeightAverageReading 1Reading 2Reading 320242832384045511113211521212627121418142122242810151772023273011.014.018.712.020.722.025.728.3ObservationFrom looking at my preliminary readings I have decided to do the experiment at 10 degree intervals.ProcedureI heated up the ball by placing it in a beaker of boiling water. I measured the temperature each time. I measured temperature of water to determine the temperature of squash ball.To get the ball at an accurate temperature I submerged the entire ball. The ball was taken out of the water as quickly as possible. I assumed heat loss each time was approximately 30 seconds.Rubber isnt a good heat conductor so the ball was kept submerged for a period of 2 minutes.The ball was held at the 1-metre mark and then dropped. This was because from the preliminary readings I found that I couldnt get adequate readings by dropping the ball from 1 metre. The height bounced was recorded by the naked eye. Although the ruler was accurate to 1mm I wasnt confident enough to read it to 1mm so I read it to 1 cm.Results were recorded for each bounce. I took 8 temperature readings so that I could get a better average and a better graph. I did each test 3 times and then averaged them.ResultsTempoC1st2nd3rdAverage2014181515.73025263027.04033333734.35042404542.36058605959.07066626965.78084858183.090.593909693.310010299104101.7AnalysisThe graph climbs up when the higher the temperature but it doesnt bounce as much, at higher temperatures. Below 0 degrees it doesnt bounce that much.The graph shows that the higher the temperature the higher it bounces which proves Newtons 2nd Law that the force is proportional to the rate of change of momentum. As the change of momentum inside the squash ball is caused by the heat.ConclusionI have found from my results that as the temperature of the ball get s hotter the height of the bounce gets higher. This proves Newtons second law of motion, which states that as the ball gets hotter the atoms get more energy and vibrate more.When the ball hits the surface then the atoms are pushed together and because they are vibrating more they push each other further away causing the ball to bounce higher.In this experiment the kinetic theory only lasted up to a certain temperature as temperature started to reach temperatures above 60 degrees the material started to melt.At 0 degrees Celsius the ball will still bounce as the atoms are still vibrating. The graph proves that the theory works for this experiment, as it is a slight curve to start with.However as the ball gets nearer the critical temperature the extra height it bounces becomes less and less. This is shown as the graph shows it is about to levels off.The sketch graph I drew in my prediction matched the real graph showing that the scientific understanding I used to explain my prediction was correct.EvaluationLooking at my results I can say that they were quite reliable and accurate. I had two anomalous results after an average of 9 measurements.I think that I did the experiment quite well although I found it hard to spot where the ball bounced up to. I have taken this into account as human error in accurately reading the where the ball bounced up to. It would have been better to record the bounce so I could zoom in and more accurately then I had done, however as I assume the human error was consistent and didnt affect my results too badly.To improve the experiment I would need to use specialist equipment like lasers so I could be sure where the ball bounced too as the surface I bounced it on, the lab floor, was in some places and I couldnt accurately control where it bounced as I made sure no input force was used to drop the ball.Another better way would have been if I used a squash ball made of a special material which could withstand higher temperatures so I cou ld have been able to carry on my experiment to see when the graph actually levels off.Also I would like to see what happened when the ball was at 0 degrees Celsius. However that would have meant using ice, which is a variable, I dont think I could have accurately kept at a suitable level to measure.I would like to do this to see whether the atoms still vibrated causing the ball to bounce. If it did I would like to carry on getting lower and lower to see whether there was a temperature where the atoms no longer vibrated (Which in theory is Absolute Zero which has never been reached).

MSW Kean University Sample Essay

MSW Kean University Sample EssayIf you are looking for an effective way to improve your grades at school, you might want to consider taking the time to check out a sample essay that has been designed by MSW Kean University. This is because this is the type of essay that all applicants to this college and university receive.For most students, this type of essay is perfect for the basics. If you are unsure how to go about writing a typical essay, you should consider starting with this one. You may also want to do some research on the types of essays that MSW provides. This will allow you to choose which type will work best for you.When you come across a sample essay that has been made available to applicants to MSW Kean University, you should consider how much detail you want to include in it. Keep in mind that students are graded based on a number of factors. For example, they are graded on their GPA and overall performance at school. It would be hard for you to be successful if you p rovided too little information about yourself or your academic performance.If you are more interested in providing too much information, the odds are that your grades will suffer, so you should avoid it at all costs. Additionally, if you do not take the time to think about what the perfect answer to a particular question might be, you will likely find yourself having to write it over again. This can often cause you to lose valuable points that could have been put toward helping you get an A.Another thing that students can do to help themselves out of a rough patch in the grades is to look up the application and review their academic records in order to figure out which things might be causing them to lose the grades. There are a number of things that students need to consider before they decide to turn in their application to MSW Kean University.This is where the sample essay is useful for students who are searching for the right information to write.Having this essay as part of the application helps to create a record of your academic records, so if you get into a tough situation where you will be looking at your final grade, you will have an idea of why it is where it is. For this reason, it is important to take the time to get an idea of what your best answers might be. If you choose to not do this, you will find yourself wasting a lot of your time. Finally, there is always the option of taking the time to do research on your own in order to find out how to write the perfect essay.In summary, if you are applying to a college or university, you might want to consider taking the time to check out a sample essay from MSW Kean University. This is the kind of essay that you can look at when trying to get the most out of your application.

Capital Punishment5 essays

Capital Punishment5 essays How do you feel about the saying, an eye for an eye? Do you feel that it is a good saying to run a nation by? Or do you agree with Gandhi who added to that statement, and everyone is blind? There have been many controversies in the history of the United States, ranging from abortion to gun control; however, capital punishment has been one of the most hotly contested issues in recent decades. Capital Punishment is the execution of a criminal pursuant to a sentence of death imposed by a competent court. It is not intended to inflict any physical pain or any torture; it is only another form of punishment. This form of punishment is irrevocable because it removes those punished from society permanently, instead of temporarily imprisoning them, this is the best and most effective way to deal with criminals. The usual alternative to the death penalty is life-long imprisonment. Capital punishment is a method of retributive punishment as old as civilization itself. The death penalty has been imposed throughout history for many crimes, ranging from blasphemy and treason to petty theft and murder. Many ancient societies accepted the idea that certain crimes deserved capital punishment. Ancient Roman and Mosaic Law endorsed the notion of retaliation; they believed in the rule of an eye for an eye. Similarly, the ancient Egyptians, Assyrians, and Greeks all executed citizens for a variety of crimes. The most famous people who were executed were Socrates (Saunders 462) and Jesus. Only in England, during the reigns of King Canute (1016-1035; Hoyt 151) and William the Conqueror (1066-1087; Miller 259) was the death penalty not used, although the results of interrogation and torture were often fatal. Later, Britain reinstated the death penalty and brought it to its American colonies. Although the death penalty was widely accepted throughout the early Unit ed States, not everyone approved of it. I...

Romeo - A Character Profile From Romeo and Juliet

Romeo - A Character Profile From Romeo and Juliet One of the original star-crossd lovers, Romeo is the male half of the ill-fated pair who drive the action in Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet. Much has been written about the origins of the character, and the influence Romeo has had on other young male lovers throughout Western literature. But Shakespeares Romeo is an enduring representative of young love gone tragically wrong.   What Happens to Romeo Most interpretations of Romeo and Juliet estimate him to be about 16 years old, and Juliet to be about 13.  The heir of the House of Montague, Romeo meets and falls in love with Juliet, the young daughter of the House of Capulet. For reasons unexplained, the Montagues and Capulets are bitter enemies, so the young lovers know their affair will anger their families.  But the titular couple isnt interested in family feuds, and quickly fall in love.    Romeo and Juliet secretly marry with the help of his friend and confidant, Friar Lawrence. But the two are doomed from the start; after Juliets  cousin Tybalt kills Romeos friend Mercutio; Romeo retaliates, killing Tybalt. He is sent into exile, only returning when he hears of Juliets death. But Juliet has only faked her death unbeknownst to Romeo, who kills himself in a fit of grief. She awakens to find him dead and takes her life, this time for real.   Was Romeos Death Fate? After the young lovers die, the Capulets and Montagues agree to end their feud. Shakespeare leaves it mostly to his audience to decide whether this means that Romeo and Juliets deaths are fated. Could the feud have been ended any other way?   Questions long debated among Shakespearean scholars: Is the outcome of the play the result of bad luck? Or were Romeo and Juliets deaths predestined as part of the legacy of their families feud? Origins of the Romeo Character Most Shakespeare historians trace the origin of the Romeo character back to Greek myth. Ovids Metamorphoses  tells the story of Pyramus and Thisbe, two young lovers in Babylon who lived next to each other and communicated through cracks in the walls, their parents having forbid them meeting because of an ongoing family feud. The similarities to Romeo and Juliet dont end there: When the pair arrange to meet finally, Thisbe arrives at the predetermined spot, a mulberry tree, to find a menacing lioness. She runs away, but accidentally leaves her veil behind. Pyramus finds the veil when he gets there and believes the lioness has killed Thisbe, so he falls on his sword (literally). Thisbe returns and finds him dead, then kills herself with his sword.   While Pyramus and Thisbe may not have been Shakespeares direct source for Romeo and Juliet, it was certainly an influence on the works from which Shakespeare drew. Romeo first appeared in Giulietta e Romeo, a 1530 story by Luigi da Porto, which was itself adapted from Masuccio Salernitanos 1476 work Il Novellino. All of those later works can, in some way or other, trace their origins to Pyramus and Thisbe.

Recruitment and retention plan for entry level officers Research Paper

Recruitment and retention plan for entry level officers - Research Paper Example Recruitment means evaluating the psychological profile, mental ability and physical conditioning of a candidate. Once an applicant is selected, they undergo training and further evaluation to assure the capacity to perform up to rigorous standards of duty. Important to the process is a retention element. Keeping good employees saves the effort to find new ones. In conclusion, the recruitment process must be vigorous and detailed in order to attract, train and keep the best candidates for these vital and potentially dangerous positions of public trust. Recruitment Plan: Police Department Service The police service is looked upon as the source of a highly important helpful activity- the protection of life and liberty. Thus, a successful recruitment plan must overcome any recruit’s perceived career limitations with the following incentives: a purposeful job, a stimulating set of responsibilities, a collegial working environment, reasonable pay and benefits, opportunities for care er advancement, and job security. (Bailey, 1995, p. 513) The key to a successful recruitment plan is to attract the most qualified candidates.

A comparative analysis of shareholders rights in differnt Essay

A comparative analysis of shareholders rights in differnt jurisdictions - Essay Example nd China. The recent financial crisis and convergence of accounting standards through IFRS have attracted the attention of world leaders towards the importance of corporate governance practices in various countries. Whether the shareholders possess enough rights and exercise these rights to safeguard their interests has been much debated because despite the presence of the board, corporations have failed. The analysis of shareholder rights has been facilitated by comparison of three companies from each of the three countries. The chosen companies are Balfour Beatty Plc, KBR Inc and CNOOC Limited. The comparison is based on each of the three companies’ disclosures regarding the shareholder rights in their annual reports and websites. 1.1.1 Background of Research Managers are responsible for the administration of day-to-day operations of the corporation. The shareholders exercise their rights and control in large corporation through board of directors. The directors of the organ ization are entrusted with the responsibility of sound corporate governance practices through direction, oversight and representation of shareholders. Generally, shareholders of a corporation do not engage in the management of corporation but appoint managers to carry out the business operations. However, this may not be the case when the managers own shares of the corporations in the form of share options. Exercised worldwide, this is one way to align the managers’ interests with that of the shareholders. Corporations mainly issue two types of shares, preference shares and common shares. The preference shareholders get the priority for dividends and when the corporation is liquidated, they get preference to claim over the common shareholders. However, preference shareholders do not have voting rights. Common shareholders, on the other hand, reserve the rights to vote on appointment of board members, decisions concerning dissolving of the corporation, and other fundamental ch anges in corporation such as changes in capital structure from increase in number of outstanding shares. In general, voting involves issuing a proxy card to each registered shareholders. A proxy is a person who is authorised to carry out the instructions from the shareholder. In the annual shareholders’ meeting, he/she will cast the vote on behalf of the shareholders, in case the shareholder is not able to directly vote (Davis 2003, p.34). The rights of shareholders increase with the increasing ownership. For example, in many countries, a shareholder owning a specified percentage like 5% has the right to place an issue on the agenda in the shareholders’ meeting or a majority shareholder can force a formal audit of the financial statements. In practice, the rights and entitlements with the ownership of the shares are seldom fully utilized by the shareholders. 1.1.2 Aims & Objectives In order to reach any conclusion and provide recommendations related to the shareholder rights, it is necessary to formulate the objectives of the study, which are as follows: 1. To compare and contrast the provisions of shareholders rights in corporate governance frameworks in UK, USA and China. 2. To analyze the extent to which the shareholders in the three countries exercise their rights by comparing three companies, each from the three countrie

United Nations (UN) Strategies to Eradicate Poverty

United Nations (UN) Strategies to Eradicate Poverty BLIMUN 2014 Eradicating extreme poverty and hunger Introduction United Nations United Nations is the world’s biggest international organization, founded in 1945. The UN has four main purposes: To keep peace throughout the world; To develop friendly relations among nations; To help nations work together to improve the lives of poor people, to conquer hunger, disease and illiteracy, and to encourage respect for each other’s rights and freedoms; To be a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations to achieve these goals. At the moment, United Nations have 193 member states. The organization works on a broad range of fundamental issues, from sustainable development, environment and refugees protection, disaster relief, counter terrorism, disarmament and non-proliferation, to promoting democracy, human rights, gender equality and the advancement of women, governance, economic and social development and international health, clearing landmines, expanding food production, and more, in order to achieve its goals and coordinate efforts for a safer world for this and future generations. General Assembly General Assembly is the chief deliberative, policymaking and representative organ of the United Nations. Comprising all 193 Members of the United Nations, it provides a unique forum for multilateral discussion of the full spectrum of international issues covered by the Charter. It also plays a significant role in the process of standard-setting and the codification of international law. The Assembly meets in regular session intensively from September to December each year, and thereafter as required. According to the Charter of the United Nations, the General Assembly may:[1] Consider and approve the United Nations budget and establish the financial assessments of Member States; Elect the non-permanent members of the Security Council and the members of other United Nations councils and organs and, on the recommendation of the Security Council, appoint the Secretary-General; Consider and make recommendations on the general principles of cooperation for maintaining international peace and security, including disarmament; Discuss any question relating to international peace and security and, except where a dispute or situation is currently being discussed by the Security Council, make recommendations on it; Discuss, with the same exception, and make recommendations on any questions within the scope of the Charter or affecting the powers and functions of any organ of the United Nations; Initiate studies and make recommendations to promote international political cooperation, the development and codification of international law, the realization of human rights and fundamental freedoms, and international collaboration in the economic, social, humanitarian, cultural, educational and health fields; Make recommendations for the peaceful settlement of any situation that might impair friendly relations among nations; Consider reports from the Security Council and other United Nations organs. An important thing to mention is that that General Assembly does not make decisions which have a legally binding effect on its member states, except on questions such as budget and selection of non-permanent Security Council members. However, due to its influence and the mission of United Nations, it is very difficult for countries not to take into account resolutions brought by General Assembly, since, in a way, they are also participating in the process of bringing them to life. Millenium Goals In September 2000, building upon a decade of major United Nations conferences and summits, world leaders came together at United Nations Headquarters in New York to adopt the United Nations Millennium Declaration, committing their nations to a new global partnership to reduce extreme poverty and setting out a series of time-bound targets with a deadline of 2015 that have become known as the Millennium Development Goals. There are eight of these goals: To eradicate extreme poverty and hunger To achieve universal primary education To promote gender equality and empowering women To reduce child mortality rates To improve maternal health To combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases To ensure environmental sustainability To develop a global partnership for development. As 2015 is quickly approaching, we can say that a lot of things have been vastly improved – however, there is always space for making the situation even better. That is why we believe that the first Millenium Goal, â€Å"Eradicating extreme poverty and hungerâ€Å" is a great topic for our BLIMUN 2014 conference, since it will give our delegates the opportunity to take a look back and see what has already been done and then discuss on how can the current results be improved and what new measures can be taken before the deadline is approached. Eradicating Extreme Poverty and Hunger Concepts and terms According to the Oxford Dictionary, hunger is defined as: A feeling of discomfort or weakness caused by lack of food, coupled with the desire to eat A severe lack of food A strong desire or craving World hunger, on the other hand, is related to another term, malnutrition, which can be defined as â€Å"lack of proper nutrition, caused by not having enough to eat, not eating enough of the right things, or being unable to use the food that one does eat.â€Å" The concept of world hunger is, therefore, concerned with malnutrition on the global level. United Nations defines poverty as: the inability of getting choices and opportunities, a violation of human dignity. It means lack of basic capacity to participate effectively in society. It means not having enough to feed and clothe a family, not having a school or clinic to go to, not having the land on which to grow one’s food or a job to earn one’s living, not having access to credit. It means insecurity, powerlessness and exclusion of individuals, households and communities. It means susceptibility to violence, and it often implies living in marginal or fragile environments, without access to clean water or sanitation. Poverty is the most common cause of hunger. Extreme poverty is, unfortunately, also common cause for starvation, and every year statistics show high number of people who die in absolute poverty deprived of basic human rights. Developed vs. Developing countries According to the World Bank, the criteria for deciding whether a country is developed country, also known as a first-world country is its Gross National Income (GNI) per capita per year. Countries with GNI over US$ 11,905 are developed countries, and countries with GNI equal to, or less than US$ 11,905 are classified as developing countries. To find the definition of the country you will be representing, please consult the following link: World Bank: Country and Lending Groups Important note: Please keep in mind that developed countries also experience issues with extreme poverty and hunger. When preparing for the conference, try to find the data on what is the level of poverty in the country you are representing. Useful statistics At least 80% of humanity lives on less than $10 a day. The poorest 40 percent of the world’s population accounts for 5 percent of global income. The richest 20 percent accounts for three-quarters of world income. According to UNICEF, 22,000 children die each day due to poverty. Around 27-28 percent of all children in developing countries are estimated to be underweight or stunted. Some 1.1 billion people in developing countries have inadequate access to water, and 2.6 billion lack basic sanitation. Almost two in three people lacking access to clean water survive on less than $2 a day, with one in three living on less than $1 a day. In the United Kingdom the average person uses more than 50 litres of water a day flushing toilets. Close to half of all people in developing countries suffer at any given time from a health problem caused by water and sanitation deficits. Millions of women spend several hours a day collecting water. In 2005, the wealthiest 20% of the world accounted for 76.6% of total private consumption. The poorest fifth accounted for just 1.5% 1.6 billion people — a quarter of humanity — live without electricity. Approximately 790 million people in the developing world are still chronically undernourished, almost two-thirds of whom reside in Asia and the Pacific. Important note: You can use useful statistics from the country you are representing in debating and defending your point of view. Examples of Successful Actions Bosnia and Herzegovina: A brighter future for young people. The UN Development Programme (UNDP) and other UN agencies partnered with the Government of Spain to establish 16 centres in Bosnia and Herzegovina to provide career counselling to unemployed youth. In the first 14 months of operation, the centres provided skills training to more than 6,800 young people, of whom almost 1,800 gained their first work experience. Yemen: Food keeps girls in school. Since 2007, the World Food Program’s (WFP) Food For Girls’ Education Program has been tackling hunger and enrolment challenges in Yemen, where more than 60 per cent of primary school-aged children who are not in school are girls. As a result of the program, families who send their girls to school are eligible to receive an annual ration of wheat and fortified vegetable oil. Despite funding shortfalls, since 2010 the program has reached almost 200,000 girls, benefiting almost 1 million family members. India: Right to paid work benefits millions. UNDP is supporting the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Program, promoting the law passed in 2005 guaranteeing the right to a minimum of 100 days of paid work a year for landless labourers and marginal farmers. Implementation of the scheme is now providing 50 days of work a year to around 50 million households. Almost half of the beneficiaries are women. Important note: When preparing for the conference, try to find out what are the ways the country you are representing fights the poverty and hunger issues. Think about how these can be implemented on the global level. How can your country contribute to it? Relevant UNGA Resolutions Following is the list of previous resolutions that are related to the topic of BLIMUN 2014 General Assembly. You can refer to those in debates, but also in the resolution you will be drafting at the conference. Resolution 65/214. Human rights and extreme poverty Resolution 65/174. Second UN Decade for the Eradication of Poverty Resolution 65/173. Promotion of ecotourism for poverty eradication . . . Resolution 65/10. Sustained, inclusive and equitable economic growth for Resolution 65/186. Realizing the Millennium Development Goals for persons Resolution 65/1. Keeping the promise: united to achieve the Millennium Useful tips Here are some general tips on how to better prepare yourself for the topic: Do a lot of research in regards to the country you are representing. You can use the government websites, national statistics institutes data, social media, newspapers, etc. In case you do not have enough English resources, ask BLIMUN 2014 chairpersons for assistance. You can use Wikipedia, but do not follow it blindly! Always check sources and use links at the bottom of the page. Take a look at the general websites that host some of the global statistics, such as World Bank, United Nations, worldometers.info, unstats.un.org etc. Be informed – read newspapers, watch tv and follow online news – make sure that you catch any news related to our topic and think about how you can use them, even if they are not directly related to the country you are representing. Try to do a research on a countries that are cooperating with the country you are representing, or are close to it in terms of its economy, political views, foreign policy etc. Be open-minded and ready to think outside the box, but do not go too far away from your country’s point of view. Cited Sources http://www.un.org/en/aboutun/ http://www.un.org/en/mainbodies/ http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/bkgd.shtml http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/hunger http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/malnutrition http://www.worldhunger.org/articles/Learn/world%20hunger%20facts%202002.htm http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unyin/documents/ydiDavidGordon_poverty.pdf http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/pdf/Goal_1_fs.pdf http://www.globalissues.org/article/26/poverty-facts-and-stats http://www.isi-web.org/component/content/article/5-root/root/81-developing http://data.worldbank.org/about/country-classifications/country-and-lending-groups http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/pdf/report-2013/mdg-report-2013-english.pdf http://www.un.org/en/ga/65/resolutions.shtml [1] For detailed rules and procedures, please refer to BLIMUN 2014 delegate handbook.