Sunday, October 13, 2019
Essay --
The entire book is told from the view of Robert D. Hare, PhD., a psychologist and researcher of psychopathy. Hare decided to write this book to shed light on the many psychopaths that live among all of us from day to day. Hare does this by using evidence from case studies, stories told to him, and the private meetings he had with the psychopaths that he has met along the way. Hareââ¬â¢s account was an excellent read because he was very modest, even admitting to being fooled by some of the psychopaths he encountered, which made him seem more like a real person. The mind of a psychopath is still far from being explained, however Hare feels the best way to figure out a psychopath operates is to stop them before they are able to cause any damage. Doing so, victims would not be harmed; mentally and physically, saving tax payers money due to court costs, rehabilitation and parole programs that simply donââ¬â¢t work. Psychopath 1 The Mind of a Psychopath Without Conscience: The Disturbing World of the Psychopaths Among Us describes how Hare began his career in a prison and first realized he was face to face with a psychopath named Ray, who was a prisoner. At that time, Hare believed the inmates could be rehabilitated. Ray was Hareââ¬â¢s first patient and they worked together for several months before Hare realized Ray was manipulating him. Hare used his own practices, diagnoses, as well as interviews from serial killers to let readers know what a psychopath was really like. Hare also believed a psychopath is not crazy or insane, but the decisions made by a psychopath are conscientiously made. Hare goes onto stress that not all serial killers are psychopaths, that some are actually insane. According to Hare, ââ¬Å"psychopathy cannot be understo... ...sychopaths should integrate their persistent self-interest, pointing out how time after time their anti-social behavior is not ultimately in their best interest. As shocking as it may sound, so many people have either come face to face, or know of someone that has met a real life psychopath. Unfortunately, most won't know it until it's too late, and even then, it could be almost impossible to understand that it has happened. These arenââ¬â¢t just the Mansonââ¬â¢s or Jeffrey Dahmerââ¬â¢s of the world. Psychopaths are not always killers, and some are not even violent. As Dr. Hare pointed out in this book, some of the best trained and most experienced mental health professionals can and will be fooled at least once in their lifetime. This book was very easy to read and to comprehend, leaving someone prepared to handle a situation if dealt with a psychopath a little bit easier.
Saturday, October 12, 2019
Marketing Variable Mix Of Prod :: essays research papers
INTRODUCTION à à à à à The Japanese have again burst into the technology industry with the introduction of their newest product, Aibo, the robotic pet dog. Aibo is a Japanese word short for ââ¬Å"companionâ⬠, and it also stands for Artificial Intelligence Robot. This creature is able to navigate its environment and respond to changes. This highly innovative idea began back in 1994 when Toshi T. Doi, Sony Corporations lead engineer, enlisted an artificial intelligence expert named Masarhiro Fujita to formulate a robot with sophisticated sensors. Fujita took just two weeks to develop the first prototype robotic creature that led to this current venture. AIBOââ¬â¢S TANGIBLE PRODUCT ATTRIBUTES à à à à à No larger than a Chihuahua and constructed primarily of magnesium alloy, Aibo is equipped with infrared sensors and cameras for eyes that allow it to judge distance and avoid walking into objects. It also has sensors on its head, in its paws, and an antenna for a tail. Aibo is programmed to enjoy being petted and dislikes being scolded, not unlike real dogs. It also shows happiness by wagging its tail and illuminating its green eyes. Aibo can perform some standard tricks such as sitting and begging, and it can even dance and play music. As sophisticated as it may be, Aibo can not respond to voice commands, and it requires a remote control that emits musical tones the robot recognizes as commands. AIBOââ¬â¢S AUGMENTED AND GENERIC PRODUCT ATTRIBUTES à à à à à Aiboââ¬â¢s augmented product attributes revolve around the Sony brand name. Sony is a well-established corporation in the electronics industry. It is the most recognized brand name in the world, evoking a status of quality and dependability. Aibo will have a considerable lure on customers keen on cutting-edge gadgets. The first of its kind in sophistication and advanced robotics, Aibo will carry a significant status for technology buffs and expensive electronic toy collectors who can afford them. à à à à à From a generic product perspective, Aibo is already winning over the hearts and minds of consumers. Its almost life like touches and actions such as the occasional yawn, flopping on its belly when itââ¬â¢s bored, and the wagging of its tail when it is happy is rapidly captivating people all over. For some, the appeal is in the joy of owning such a technological and futuristic marvel. For others, It may be the hope of companionship from and innate object, not unlike todayââ¬â¢s interactive computers. For most consumers it is just plain and simple entertainment.
Friday, October 11, 2019
Case Question
Case question: using the information in this chapter, how would you tell Jim to proceed? Using the information in the chapter, I agree with Jim O'Brien. Although getting large customers is important, making money is also important. Jim has a plan to require their customers to reduce loading and unloading times. If they cannot reduce their time, Harder Transportation has no choice but to either increase detention charges or consider dropping those customers. The sales organizations think these actions are against Harden's service strategy and they think some customers may even rebel.Some of Jim O'Brien largest customers have very long pick up and drop Off times. TO be successful Jim should make sure that their peddle run is correct. A peddle run is a route driven daily out of the pick up and drop off terminal to collect freight for outbound or inbound moves. Two elements of the peddle run is its stem time and peddle time. Stem time is the time that occurs when the driver leaves the te rminal until the driver makes the first pick up or delivery. Peddle time is the time during which drivers is actually involved in the pickup and delivery of freight.The wall would tell Jim O'Brien to proceed is he could go to the two driver system. While one driver is driving the other is in the sleeper berth of the tractor. The sleeper team has been very successful. Having more than one driver may even reduce to loading and unloading times. That is a great concern for Jim, because some of his largest customers have long pickup and drop off times. The sleeper teams also could potentially reduce driver fatigue and fewer accidents. They have new driving hours so it will help. The sleeper system would also reduce driving time.Another way Jim could proceed is he could compromise with his sales organization and his customers. Jim could make sure his peddle run is correct. Jim could compromise by reducing the stem time. If you decrease the stem time, you would increase the peddle time. Th e drivers would then spend less time driving. They would spend less time picking up and dropping off. The drivers would increase the productivity. Overall Jim O'Brien should do what is best for Harder Transportation. If some customers rebel then Jim is going to need new customers.
Thursday, October 10, 2019
English Essay
Holt tells us that joke books became routine after the first one was published in English in 1484. Jokes remained fairly lowbrow until the middle of the 19th century when with especially the clever retort became prized in English culture. A typical joke concerned a hefty fellow rushing to Florence late one evening. He asked a peasant ââ¬Å"Do you think Iââ¬â¢ll be able to make it through the city gate?â⬠The man replied, ââ¬Å"Why if a cart of hay can make it through, you can, too!â⬠No one embodied this shift better than Oscar Wilde. Holt tells us that in the 1890s, poet Sir Lewis Morris complained to Wilde because he was not to be named Englandââ¬â¢s poet laureate. ââ¬Å"Itââ¬â¢s a complete conspiracy of silence against me,â⬠Morris said, ââ¬Å"a conspiracy of silence! What ought I to do, Oscar?â⬠ââ¬Å"Join it!â⬠Wilde replied. While detailing this history, Holt discusses the three major theories of humor. The ââ¬Å"superiority theoryâ⬠, propounded by Plato and Groucho Marx, sees the essence of humor in mockery and derision, in the ââ¬Å"sudden glory we feel whenâ⬠those we dislike are leveled whether they be the high and mighty or members of religious and ethnic groups. After researching about various television shows I found this joke from ââ¬Å"Friends,â⬠episodes two hundred and two. It is a dialogue between Chandler and Joey who are asking their friend Carol about breastfeeding. Chandler asks Carol, ââ¬Å"Carol I was just wondering if Joey could ask you questions about breastfeeding?â⬠Carol replies, ââ¬Å"Sure.â⬠Joey then asked her, ââ¬Å"Uh, does it hurt?â⬠Carol said, ââ¬Å"Well, at first but not anymore.â⬠Joey then says, ââ¬Å"Oh. Chandler?â⬠Chandler then asked Carol, ââ¬Å"So uh, how often can you do it?â⬠Carol replied, ââ¬Å"As much as he needs.â⬠Joey then said, ââ¬Å"Oh okay I got one. Uh if he blows into one does the other one get bigger?â⬠There are topical jokes, perennial jokes, cultural jokes, and universal jokes like, ââ¬Å"I was so unpopular when I was little, even my imaginary friend played with the kids across the streetâ⬠. There are jokes about groups of people, jokes appropriate for polite company, and jokes that are dirty enough to be somewhat scandalous such as, George H. W. Bushââ¬â¢s favorite ââ¬Å"How do you titillate an ocelot? You oscillate its tits a lot.â⬠Then there are the political jokes, geographical jokes as well as jokes of various lengths one-liners, two-liners, long jokes, ââ¬Å"shaggy dogâ⬠jokes, and even jokes of only two words: ââ¬Å"Pretentious? Moi?â⬠As with so many philosophical issues these days, perhaps only because of our current fashions of research, humor may simply come down to the neurological. Using an electric probe to try to find the cause of a patientââ¬â¢s seizures, doctors stimulated a part of her left frontal lobe, eliciting a laugh. It happened over and over, and it was not just a mere physical reflex. She really did find things funny, whether she was looking at the operating team, or at a picture of a horse they showed her. Put a little current to the ââ¬Å"L-spotâ⬠of the brain, and everything becomes a joke. There is little risk that neurosurgical procedures are going to impair the activities of joke-tellers, however; telling a joke is a simpler way of getting a laugh than doing brain probes, and anyway, whatever the purpose of jokes is, it probably cannot be accomplished in such an electromechanical way. Like many things, jokes are probably best appreciated for themselves and not for any thinking that they might inspire. Holtââ¬â¢s little volume will inspire some thinking, but it also contains more than its share of good along with some bad jokes, including one that he has traced back in different forms which people have been laughing at for fifteen centuries. And he even includes a personal favorite of mine, a meta-joke: ââ¬Å"A priest, a rabbi and a minister walk into a bar. The bartender says, `What is this, a joke?'â⬠According to Holtââ¬â¢s essay I found this joke from Friends to be a universal joke because it is appropriate for polite company. Everyone knows that men have no clue about babies or at least women are more experienced on that subject. This is what made the joke from Friends so funny to me because it allows all viewers to relate to Chandler and Joeyââ¬â¢s curiosity regarding breastfeeding. Family type jokes such as this one allow shows like Friends to become such a success. The joke regarding breastfeeding is a great example of Holtââ¬â¢s definition of a universal joke. I find universal jokes to be the funniest because they are funny enough to be able to enjoy with your family and in my opinion being able to have a good laugh with your family is a very important part of life.
Wednesday, October 9, 2019
Optical Camouflage
OPTICAL CAMOUFLAGE ABSTRACT: The advancement in science is making what we may have thought of as impossible, probable. Humans may become invisible as the extra terrestrials which are considered to be probably invisible. A new technology provides a way to this. In this paper a scientific technology that is used to implement this idea is presented. The optical camouflage technology is one of the famous scientific technologies which helps in the invention of a new type of cloak called the invisible cloak. This is one of the big revolutions created in the area of virtual reality.It is just a concept of reflection of light by the cloak. The person who wears this cloak will feel as just what he feels with the ordinary cloaks but the person will be invisible to the outside environment. This is the main advantage of this cloak. There are many other interesting features present in this paper about this cloak. CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION: Chaitanya Institute of Engineering & Technology Page 1 OPT ICAL CAMOUFLAGE Although optical is a term that technically refers to all forms of light, most proposed forms of optical camouflage would only provide invisibility in the visible portion of the spectrum.The research on the concept of invisibility was started in 1977 and was very successfully accomplished in 2003. Initially Professor Tachi from the University of Tokyo said that he had first had the idea of developing something to make objects invisible in 1977. But the imag e was flat and unrealistic. He came up with retro-reflective material which causes the coat to act as a screen and gives a transparent ââ¬â or invisible ââ¬â effect. Similarly, Duke University is using microwave beam deflection, making it appear almost as if nothing were there at all. If youââ¬â¢ve seen the movie ââ¬Å"Harry Potterâ⬠then you may recognize the idea of an invisibility cloak. CHAPTER 2 : OPTICAL CAMOUFLAGE: Optical camouflage is a hypothetical type of active camouflage currently onl y in a very primitive stage of development. The idea is relatively straightforward: to create the illusion of invisibility by covering an object with something that projects the scene directly behind that Chaitanya Institute of Engineering & Technology Page 2 OPTICAL CAMOUFLAGE object. Optical camouflage is a kind of active camouflage which completely envelopes the wearer.It displays an image of the scene on the side opposite the viewer on it, so that the viewer can ââ¬Å"see throughâ⬠the wearer, rendering the wearer invisible. Although optical is a term that technically refers to all forms of light, most proposed forms of optical camouflage would only provide invisibility in the visible portion of the spectrum. Prototype examples and proposed designs of optical camouflage devices range back to the late eighties at least, and the concept began to appear in fiction in the late nineties. CHAPTER 2. 1 : Components of the Optical Camouflage:Optical camouflage doesn't work by way of magic. It works by taking advantage of something called augmented-reality technology. Augmented-reality systems add computergenerated information to a user's sensory perceptions. Most augmented-reality systems require that users look through a special viewing apparatus to see a real-world scene enhanced with synthesized graphics. They also require a powerful computer. Optical camouflage requires these things, as well, but it also requires several other components. ? A garment made from highly reflective material A video camera ? A computer ? A projector ? A special, half-silvered mirror called a combiner; which is the viewing screen CHAPTER 2. 2 : The Cloak: Chaitanya Institute of Engineering & Technology Page 3 OPTICAL CAMOUFLAGE It is made up of retro-reflective material. It has an observer that receives more of the reflected light and therefore sees a brighter reflection. It can be seen far away and outside in bright sunlight. CHAPTER 2. 3 : Other components: â⬠¢ The camer a captures the digital video behind the person with the cloak. â⬠¢The computer synthesizes the graphics and superimposes them on a real-world image. â⬠¢ The projector shines a light beam through an opening controlled by a device called an iris diaphragm. â⬠¢ The combiner (special mirror) is used to both reflect the projected image toward the cloak and let light rays bouncing off the cloak to return to the viewerââ¬â¢s eye. Chaitanya Institute of Engineering & Technology Page 4 OPTICAL CAMOUFLAGE CHAPTER 3 : CONCEPT OF INVISIBILITY CLOAK: Chaitanya Institute of Engineering & Technology Page 5 OPTICAL CAMOUFLAGE 1.The cloak that enables optical camouflage to work is made from a special material known as retro-reflective material. 2. A retro-reflective material is covered with thousands and thousands of small beads. When light strikes one of these beads, the light rays bounce back exactly in the same direction from which they came. 3. To understand why this is unique, lo ok at how light reflects off of other types of surfaces. A rough surface creates a diffused reflection because the incident (incoming) light rays get scattered in many different directions.A perfectly smooth surface, like that of a mirror, creates what is known as a specular reflection ââ¬â a reflection in which incident light rays and reflected light rays form the exact same angle with the mirror surface. In retroreflection, the glass beads act like prisms, bending the light rays by a process known as refraction. This causes the reflected light rays to travel back along the same path as the incident light rays. The result: An observer situated at the light source receives more of the reflected light and therefore sees a brighter reflection.Chaitanya Institute of Engineering & Technology Page 6 OPTICAL CAMOUFLAGE CHAPTER 4 : WORKING: Chaitanya Institute of Engineering & Technology Page 7 OPTICAL CAMOUFLAGE Once a person puts on the cloak made with the retro-reflective material, here's the sequence of events: â⬠¢ A digital video camera captures the scene behind the person wearing the cloak. â⬠¢ The computer processes the captured image and makes the calculations necessary to adjust the still image or video so it will look realistic when it is projected. The projector receives the enhanced image from the computer and shines the image through a pinhole-sized opening onto the combiner. â⬠¢ The silvered half of the mirror, which is completely reflective, bounces the projected image toward the person wearing the cloak. Chaitanya Institute of Engineering & Technology Page 8 OPTICAL CAMOUFLAGE â⬠¢ The cloak acts like a movie screen, reflecting light directly back to the source, which in this case is the mirror. â⬠¢ Light rays bouncing off of the cloak pass through the transparent part of the mirror and fall on the user's eyes.Remember that the light rays bouncing off of the cloak contain the image of the scene that exists behind the person wear ing the cloak. â⬠¢ The person wearing the cloak appears invisible because the background scene is being displayed onto the retro-reflective material. At the same time, light rays from the rest of the world are allowed reach the user's eyes, making it seem as if an invisible person exists in an otherwise normal-looking world. CHAPTER 4. 1 : Key Challenges: â⬠¢ Practicality smaller computer integrated replacement of projector combiner. â⬠¢ Purchase patent or license. â⬠¢High costs. â⬠¢ Very small cameras and projectors CHAPTER 5 : MUTUAL TELEXISTENCE: Chaitanya Institute of Engineering & Technology Page 9 OPTICAL CAMOUFLAGE CHAPTER 5. 1 :How mutual telexistence works: Chaitanya Institute of Engineering & Technology Page 10 OPTICAL CAMOUFLAGE â⬠¢ Human user A is at one location while his telexistence robot A is at another location with human user B. â⬠¢ Human user B is at one location while his telexistence robot B is at another location with human user A. à ¢â¬ ¢ Both telexistence robots are covered in retro-reflective material so that they act like screens. With video cameras and projectors at each location, the images of the two human users are projected onto their respective robots in the remote locations. â⬠¢ This gives each human the perception that he is working with another human instead of a robot. â⬠¢ Right now, mutual telexistence is science fiction, but it won't be for long as scientists continue to push the boundaries of the technology. CHAPTER 6 : REAL WORLD APPLICATIONS: Chaitanya Institute of Engineering & Technology Page 11 OPTICAL CAMOUFLAGE â⬠¢ Doctors performing surgery could use optical camouflage to see through their hands and instruments to the underlying tissue. Providing a view of the outside in windowless rooms is one of the more fanciful applications of the technology, but one that might improve the psychological well-being of people in such environments. â⬠¢ Pilots landing a plane could use t his technology to make cockpit floors transparent. This would enable them to see the runway and the landing gear simply by glancing down. â⬠¢ Drivers backing up cars could benefit one day from optical camouflage. A quick glance backward through a transparent rear hatch or tailgate would make it easy to know when to stop.CHAPTER 7 : OPTICAL CAMOUFLAGE SEEN IN: ? Ghost in the Shell. ? 2000 video game Deus Ex. Chaitanya Institute of Engineering & Technology Page 12 OPTICAL CAMOUFLAGE ? 2002 James Bond movie Die Another Day ? Metal Gear Solid and Halo video game series. ? The video game Phantom Crash. ? The Predator movie. CHAPTER 8 : ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES ADVANTAGES: Chaitanya Institute of Engineering & Technology Page 13 OPTICAL CAMOUFLAGE ? Optical Camouflage can be used on surgical globes or equipments so they donââ¬â¢t block surgeonââ¬â¢s view during delicate operations. ?In aviation, cockpit floors could become ââ¬Ëinvisible' to assist pilots during landing. DISA DVANTAGES: ? The weak point of this technique is that the observer needs to look through a half-mirror. ? The current system needs a half-mirror and projectors, which were fixed on the ground. CHAPTER 9 : CONCLUSION: Now all of us have had a small tour of the interesting world of optical camouflage. A lot of interesting thing have been done and already we have seen that anyone can be almost invisible Chaitanya Institute of Engineering & Technology Page 14 OPTICAL CAMOUFLAGE ith this technology. Though we are still facing challenges with practicality, licensing and high costs the future promises us a lot more. To make an object literally vanish before a person's eyes, a cloak would have to simultaneously interact with all of the wavelengths, or colours, that make up light. That technology would require much more intricate and tiny meta-material structures, which scientists have yet to devise. Research work is going on and soon we will have even more astonishing results. Chaitanya Ins titute of Engineering & Technology Page 15
Tuesday, October 8, 2019
Structured English Immersion in ArizonaSschools Research Paper
Structured English Immersion in ArizonaSschools - Research Paper Example Then SEI has achieved a new status in 1991as a result of advanced studies conducted by David Ramirez and he coined two basic components like teachers maximize instruction in English and teachers use and teach English at a level appropriate to the abilities of the ELL in the class (Clark 2009). As a result of adopting Proposition203 (English Language For Children in Public Schools) in November 2000 Arizona State established English as the official language of Arizona and demanded all public school education in the state be practiced in English. Charlene Rivera, Eric Collum states that; ââ¬Å"ELL students are to be placed in a structured English immersion program for not more than 1 year, at which point they are mainstreamed in to English classroomsâ⬠(Rivera & Collum 2006, p.212). The web article The Case for Structured English Immersion gives valuable information about the implementation of SEI Programs in Arizona State. Kevin Clark said that Arizonaââ¬â¢s English Language L earner Task Force launched in late 2006. In its initial stage many teachers and academics have confused with ESI programs with submersion. Some of them believed that the implementation of ESI task force in regular classrooms have little or no instructional modification. In spite of the jumble definitions, messages and grass root level emotions, educators and academics in Arizona district have implemented SEI programs in both elementary and secondary level. It is significant for a reader to understand that all materials and instructions in SEI programs are practiced in English since the beginning. Other important characteristics of SEI program is that it calls for direct, active and explicit instructional methods and strategies for SEI... This essay approves that Arizona district have implemented SEI programs in both elementary and secondary level which, the government is planning to propose in other levels. The SEI programs have basically divided the strategies into three components: policy, structure, and classroom practices. These strategies also take into account certain other factors like the size of the school, the location of the school, the grade levels at the school, the number of English language learners and the percentage of English language learners, and so on. This report makes a conclusion that the proposed study leads one to the inference that the implementation of SEI in Arizona schools had a greater impact among the students and the teachers and as such, it exerted a decisive role in uplifting the educational standards of that country. The critical analysis of the research topic unveils the fact that the Structured English Immersion in Arizona schools could influence and attract many students to English language learning. The SEI programs are well structured and it can certainly make the students aware of the systematic study of English language. The program has been designed for the students of the school and secondary levels to help them improving their language skills; specifically focusing on reading, writing, speaking and listening. The classes are scheduled for one year, four hours per day with the support of a well structured lesson plan and materials. The students are grouped by considering their ability in language use.
Monday, October 7, 2019
The Global Business Environment Meeting Challenges Essay
The Global Business Environment Meeting Challenges - Essay Example The company presently has a central savoury production unit and an armada of 375 delivery vehicles present throughout the day for ensuring the punctual delivery of the fresh food to the customers. The company also is the leading employer of approximately around 20,000 people and has a future dynamic plan of installing 500 new shops in the near future and generating 6,000 new jobs. The regional bakeries prepare baked food for the daily delivery shops with expert advices and under strict supervision from the skilled bakers from 90 in- store bakeries responsible for the provision of ultimate fresh baked food (Company Overview, n.d.). Growth potential-present scenario The analysts have established the facts with their sophisticated statistical forecasting tools and inferred that around 50% of the population of UK currently is devoid of access to Greggs shops. Thus they state that there is a boosting potential for the establishment of an additional 600 shops in the United Kingdom in the n ext few years (Growing Greggs, n.d.). Fig. 1. Dynamic Growth Potential (Growing Greggs, n.d.) The above diagram depicts the positive and rising growth potential forecasted by the analyst. Focus of the paper The paper emphasizes on the analysis of several factors affecting the financial health of the company initially with the macroeconomic environment analysis with respect to the famous PESTEL analysis and subsequently the microeconomic variables including customers, competitors and collaboration. Having a transparent insight about the factors affecting the company the focus will be shifted on the SWOT analysis in order to analyze the strengths, weaknesses opportunities and threats the company faces with an endeavor to formulate optimal strategies to ensure the forecasted escalating growth potential and reaping huge revenue generation along with the spreading of the reputation of the company to an all new dimension. A short insight on the financial health and performance of the comp any Before entering into the detailed analysis a short glimpse of the financial operations of the company needs to be mentioned. The year 2011 was indeed a challenging year for the company with respect to the economy and the consumers. The performance of the company was noteworthy in 2011 and has maintained the pace of progress towards the attainment of the strategic objectives with the record number of openings of shops across UK as well as investment in two major bakeries in Newcastle and Cumbria. A five period analysis (2006-2010) of the companyââ¬â¢s financial health with respect to the key performance indicators (although trhere are many four of them are discussed) can be seen from the graphical analysis provided as below: A) Like-for-like sales growth Fig.2 The Like-for-like Sales growth figure (Annual Report & accounts, 2010, p. 18) The variable Like-for-like sales growth performs the comparison of year on year cash sales in the core shops of the company and is not distort ed by the opening or the closure of the shops. The refitted shops are included in the like-for-like comparison unless there have been significant changes in the trading space. The growth of the Like-for-like sales also incorporates the selling price inflation. Year 2009 was a 53 week year affecting the total sales growth for that year and also
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