Essay Use of Semiotics to Analyze Advertisements - 2087 Words

The theory of semiotics, as proposed by Roland Barthes, has been used to analyze advertisements and the effectiveness of advertisements on viewers. In the articles that I researched that used semiotics to analyze particular advertisements, I found four common and related themes. First, the articles mentioned that the viewer determines the meaning of the advertisement or the viewer interprets the advertisement. Second, this meaning that the viewer assigns to the advertisement is largely determined by context, both social and cultural. Third, advertisers use culture and predominant cultural beliefs in their advertisements in efforts to reach their audience more effectively. Finally, these advertisements actually end up supporting the†¦show more content†¦Originally, Barthes termed connotation as myth because he believed that connotation is a product of society. Connotation is not the true meaning of the sign but a meaning that society has decided to give that sign and is a sh ared meaning (Griffin, 2012). Barthes wrote that connotation makes what is cultural seem natural (Barthes, 1985/1988). Connotation is what makes habit become ritual. To better understand these two aspects of signs, we have to understand how the system of what makes up a sign affects its meaning. Connotative and denotative signs are formed in different ways. Denotative signs are simply the signified and signifier put together (Griffin, 2012). Connotative signs, however, are a bit more complex. Originally there is the physical signifier and the signified, which together make up the denotative system (Griffin, 2012). This denotative sign is what the signifier in the connotative system is made up of (Griffin, 2012). To this signifier is added a new signified, which is a shared meaning that has been created by society (Griffin, 2012). This combination creates the connotative of mythical system. It is in this mythical system that signs derive their meaning (Griffin, 2012). Through these systems which society has created, signs are interpreted and evaluated by the shared meanings of society (Griffin, 2012).These mythical systems are not meant to hide the original meanings of messages but ratherShow MoreRelatedSemiotics in Fashion Photography: Does It Affect Culture as Much as Culture Affects It?809 Words   |  4 PagesSemiotics in Fashion Photography: Does it affect culture as much as culture affects it? Introduction Fashion Photography has taken quite the belittling from the conventional world of photography. 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(1993). The fairy tale theme in popular culture: A semiotic analysis of Pretty Woman. Women’s Studies in Communication, 16(2), 86–104. Uses semiotic analysis of codes within the â€Å"fairy tale† narrative structure of the film PrettyRead MoreChapter 11  · Content Analysis: Understanding Text and Image Additional Resources2592 Words   |  11 PagesNew York: Free Press. A pioneering text on content analysis. Chandler, D. (2002). Semiotics: The basics. London: Routledge. An overview of semiotics. Shows how language and signs cannot be regarded as neutral carriers of meaning. Cooks, L., Orbe, M.P., Bruess, C. S. (1993). The fairy tale theme in popular culture: A semiotic analysis of Pretty Woman. Women’s Studies in Communication, 16(2), 86–104. Uses semiotic analysis of codes within the â€Å"fairy tale† narrative structure of the film PrettyRead MoreMedias Influence On Visual Content2460 Words   |  10 PagesMost advertisements are consisted of pictures and videos, which are designed to propagandize the corporate image and do persuade to public, they always focus on rhetorical figures constructed from visual rather than verbal elements (Phillips McQuarrie, 2004:114). Advertisement is ubiquitous and forms a vast superstructure with an apparently autonomous existence and an immense influence (Gottschalk, 1999:316). Consumers may learn inferences under the influence of communicators’ desireï ¼Ë†O’DonohoeRead MoreHow and why is Coca-Cola using the theme of happiness and celebration in their advertisements to increase sales?5717 Words   |  23 Pages How and why is Coca-Cola using the theme of happiness and celebration in their advertisements to increase sales? Introduction and background: Coca-Cola is one of the world’s largest beverage companies. It started its journey in 1886 as a small one-man business with modest average sales of nine servings per day. Since then, it has grown into the world’s most powerful brands with more than 1.9 billion servings sold each day in 200 different countries. Furthermore, Coca-Cola was ranked third inRead MoreHow Does The Media Portray Happiness?1197 Words   |  5 Pagesexposed to media influences our perspective of who we are, who we want to be and what we should buy, all in order to be happy. The more that people are exposed to media, the higher they prioritize material goods. Advertisements are a huge contributor to this happiness ideal, with the use of celebrities, In today’s society, we value material goods over a simple life. The development of society Happiness is defined as a subjective form of well-being, both as an emotion and a satisfied outlookRead MorePolitical Art Ideas By Karl Marx And Friedrich Engels3059 Words   |  13 Pagesthe basic structure do relate to the movement that came about from the European Revolution in the 1800s. As seen through the artists and artwork, Marxist ideas continue to reverberate in society as the years pass by. Essay #2: Structuralism To Semiotics The 20th Century was a shift in time, moving forward from the 1900s to a phosphorus new generation. Amongst this shift in time there came about great ideas into culture and more specifically into the aspects of art. Before, in the 1900s there wasRead More Studying the Media Rather Than Simply Consuming It Essay1649 Words   |  7 Pagesstreets or simply just watching television. They are a lot of different forms of media, for example, verbal or written media, visual media and aural media. Examples of media would include newspapers, magazines, film, radio, television, billboard advertisements as well as the internet. Media studies came about because of the developments in mass communication and it provokes the generation of exigent questions about what we think we know as well how we came about knowing it. There are always changes

Learning environment in primary schools Free Essays

Virtual Learning Environments or VLEs are the new-age educational direction engineerings that support interactions between scholars and instructors. Virtual acquisition environments besides focus on using assorted resources like on-line systems and practical tools to heighten the acquisition experience. The learning result and experience realized by deploying such a system depends on how good instructors use the system in the schoolroom. We will write a custom essay sample on Learning environment in primary schools or any similar topic only for you Order Now The important determination to utilize VLEs in primary schools provides countless benefits to and arouse a figure of critical academic direction issues. The end of this paper is to measure how constructs of VLEs have affected acquisition in primary schools, particularly in relation to the present instruction patterns and deployment of online and practical instruction engineerings. In add-on, this paper besides provides how pedagogical acquisition values can impact the acquisition environment, particularly when schools use VLEs to circulate information through modern communicating systems. Introduction The action to implement a practical acquisition environment ( VLE ) in a primary school provides a figure of advantages. It besides raises many pertinent issues for the school direction. In fact, school direction should take this issue really lightly ( Gill A ; Shaw 2004 ) . VLEs are the new-age acquisition systems that provide a figure of practical benefits to schools. It ‘s, anytime and anyplace entree, ability to heighten motivational degrees in pupils, capableness to ease independent acquisition, enhanced use of modern information and communicating engineering ( ICT ) tools and active engagement of both instructors and pupils, are some of the most important benefits ( Becta 2004 ) . Many school direction boards perceive a VLE plan as â€Å" facilitators of alterations in instruction and teaching method towards more learner centered attacks, heightening interactivity in larning [ and ] assisting constructional cognition edifice † ( Land A ; Hannafin 2000, Pentland 2003 ) . However, there is a lingering confusion over the use of footings that highlight online larning system ( Gill A ; Shaw 2004 ) . The most widely accepted definition for VLEs as defined by JISC ( 2003 ) is really simple: â€Å" A VLE is an electronic system that can supply on-line interactions of assorted sorts that can take topographic point between scholars and coachs, including online acquisition † ( JISC, 2003 ) . Some other definitions are broader and brushing in nature. European Schoonet uses a broader definition for VLE: â€Å" Any solutions that propose a coherent set of services with pedagogical purposes, back uping acquisition and instruction activities † ( EUN 2003, Annex VI, p81 ) . Commercial VLE developers use an wholly different definition while schools use the term acquisition platforms. The history and development of VLE is rather recent. With the promotion in computing machine and communicating engineering, policymakers from different schools started utilizing on or the other VLEs to supplement their primary educational attempts. Although the use of VLEs is really recent, one can follow the history of VLE back to the former yearss of educational calculating those used technically lacking systems ( Winn 2002 p332-335, Ganesan et al 2002, p94-95 ) . If at all, some schools used this engineering, it was most likely motivated by technological developments instead than the most urgent instruction demands ( Esienstadt A ; Vincent 2000, Porter 2003, Gill A ; Shaw 2004 ) . There is a ferocious argument on the efficaciousness of presenting VLEs in a primary school educational scene. Right now, there are light studies of primary schools utilizing a full-pledged VLE to heighten the quality of instruction. Becta ( 2003 ) studies that, â€Å" a to the full incorporate VLE [ may ] non be appropriate for a primary school at this phase in VLE development † ( p35 ) . On the other manus, Gill and Shaw ( 2004 ) perceives that â€Å" most of the primary schools depend â€Å" on external inputs to develop their apprehension, vision and attendant usage of any provided solution † ( p3 ) . However, more Numberss of schools have started to utilize VLEs to intermix primary instruction into the kingdom of modern practical educational constructs ( DfES 2005c ) . Some primary schools around the universe, particularly in the progress states of the West have started utilizing â€Å" establishment degree † information and communicating engineering ( ICT ) to better their instruction and direction aims. This survey provides how VLEs can impact the edification degrees of primary instruction in schools and in what mode primary schools can incorporate many pedagogical practical acquisition values in a seamless mode. This paper besides presents the use of primary practical acquisition techniques that a primary school can utilize to develop its pupils and recognize better larning experience from them. Reappraisal of Literature VLE is basically a network-empowered computing machine package plan where the user takes portion in an highly fake 3D infinite medium ( Dickey, 2005 ) . Harmonizing to Trindade et Al. ( 2002 ) , VLD displays a high grade of submergence and active engagement that finally makes a user as if he or she is an unreal environment. A VLE plan may include several tools like conferencing system, synergistic simulation tools, shred practical whiteboards, asynchronous and synchronal treatment togss ( Britain A ; Liber, 1999 ) . VLEs offer several advantages over a traditional schoolroom. They are flexible, convenient, supply easy entree to class stuffs and aid pupils retain cognition for a long clip. VLEs besides empower larning that is student-focused, synergistic and self-sufficient ( Harasim et al. 1995 ) . Academicians believe that VLEs could assist pupils with rational lacks in advanced instruction. Pantelidis ( 1993 ) believes that VLEs have the capableness to promote active acquisition and they give users an experience of self-denial over the learning procedure. Both engaged acquisition and VLEs relate with each other. Engaged acquisition is a really old thought. VLEs normally deliberate on active and engaged larning through enquiry. Engagement is an of import construct. In kernel, it is â€Å" the mobilisation of cognitive, affectional and motivational schemes for interpretative minutess with text ‘ ( Bangert-Drowns and Pyke, 2001, p215 ) . An occupied scholar discoveries larning really exciting while the attending degree that he or she exhibits is far better and lengthier. An occupied scholar is besides a scholar by engagement and geographic expedition. The active usage of information and communicating engineering ( ICT ) and its tools could help a pupil become an active and engaged scholar. An ICT based, VLE environment ever involves disputing and existent jobs to work out ( Savery A ; Duffy, 1995 ) . It besides facilitates different types of interactions like learner-content, learner-learner, and learner-teacher ( Chou, 2003 ) . Collaborative acquisition is possible with the deployment of VLEs. Students can easy work in groups to happen solutions to a common job or act as a squad to happen collaborative solutions. Salmon ( 2003 ) explained how teachers could utilize VLE to assist pupils go capable and academically empowered. A good VLE system can better I ) the pupil ‘s degree of handiness to the acquisition procedure, two ) the schoolroom interaction between the pupils and teachers and three ) their motive towards the acquisition ( Lopez et al. 2007 ) . Using effectual VLEs to incorporate seamless pedagogical values The execution of VLEs in a primary school can be really effectual. To put up a formidable VLE to back up a school course of study, the direction may necessitate to believe of its effectivity that in bend is influenced by three of import factors: cognition direction, students ‘ attack to acquisition, and academic public presentation ( Becta 2003 p32 ) . However, all the three factors show a really close relationship. The basic attack to larning in a primary school is affected by the type and effectivity of cognition direction and its sharing form among different pupils. These factors besides lead to some critical inquiries: First, how does a VLE plan act as an effectual tool for administrating cognition direction in a primary school? Second, can its usage and deployment demonstrate a positive influence on pupil ‘s point of view about his or her academic public presentation? Third, is it possible for a VLE plan to heighten the public presentation of pupil in footings of mensurable academic accomplishment? Although practical acquisition environment is a fast spread outing field of academic research, its usage in primary school is instead really bare. No much literature is available on this specific country. One of the of import concerns that most schools express is how they can guarantee a better bringing for traditional course of study and act as facilitators for brushing pedagogical transmutations on the other. Another pressure concern could be the being of the perceived â€Å" digital divide † as suggested by many writers ( Sallis A ; Jones 2002, Valentine et al 2005 ) .Some school direction boards may besides experience about the equality of entree to an online course of study ( Becta, 2003 ) . One of the booby traps of utilizing VLEs in a primary schoolroom scene is the being of a â€Å" digital divide † . Many of the pupils who want to take portion in the VLE thrust may non hold a computing machine with an internet connexion. Students from developing states normally face this job. Another important concern could be the deficiency of cognition in runing a computing machine system. However, some pupils may entree the class by deriving internet connexion from topographic points other than their places. However, these concerns may be irrelevant now because the deployment of robust VLEs can vouch a figure of benefits and advantages. They can authorise the school and its pupils with a far greater entree to the course of study by utilizing a specific and confirmed technological invention ( Vincent A ; Whalley 1998 ) . In add-on, an efficient computer-enabled communicating system can wheedle even the shyest and withdrawn pupils to fall in the plan ( Williams 2002, p266 ) . VLE-blended learning plan Acts of the Apostless as a solid ground tackle. The instructor who handles the plan becomes the ground tackle for his or her pupils. Anchored direction will authorise pupils to research, question, inquiry and analyze the class presented in a practical context. VLEs are really efficient in giving a meta-environment where the system will unite legion on-line resources that could be of huge usage to a pupil ( Sumner A ; Taylor 1998 ) . Teachers use VLEs as a common platform to plan and make trade name new classs ( Minshull 2004, p25 ) . A instructor who uses a good VLE can presume the function of a â€Å" cognition agent † ( Davenport A ; Prusak, 2000, p29-30 ) . Decisions Introducing a VLE environment is a direction determination. The most of import inquiry that research workers pose here is, â€Å" what can schools make to put up a VLE acquisition environment and guarantee its complete success and maximal effectivity? † Minshull debates that â€Å" it is aˆÂ ¦ indispensable that the choice of the VLE and the manner it is implemented are in close conformity with the establishment ‘s strategic program † ( 2004, p20 ) . Many writers argue that VLEs in a primary school context is non utile and it may non supply the coveted result. It is true that many schools are happening deployment of VLEs in their school course of study. The most often asked inquiry is whether this system is making a new paradigm in instruction or it is merely seeking to better an already bing version of plan. The European EUN Consortium Study ( Vuorikari, 2003 ) argues about three of import points: There is a sensed roar in VLE ‘s development They are non run intoing the outlooks of the academicians Schools, whoever is utilizing it, deploy it as a traditional tool to circulate new cognition and accomplishments By the way, this study proposes two plausible grounds for the slow-paced development in the deployment of VLE. The first ground is that most instructors are still larning the techniques in which a VLE plant. The 2nd 1 is the system ‘s inability to back up the coveted alteration ( Vuorikari, 2003 ) . VLEs could be extremely successful tools for presenting content in a real-time mode. However, it can work merely when it utilizes its technological characteristics along with the much-needed re-analysis of the instructor ‘s teaching method. At times, instructors and teachers who are involved may hold some troubles. The teacher-level barriers to the successful execution of VLE system could be the deficiency of assurance, clip and preparation ( Guha, 2000 ) . Teacher ‘s evident fright of failure could besides be a large factor in accommodating to the new engineering. A important alteration in the pedagogical pattern to utilize the new engineering may coerce some instructors non to accept the utility of VLE plans because they feel that those plans may non heighten larning procedure. It may be necessary to analyze the bing pedagogical atmosphere in relation to the present manner of instruction, scrutiny and instruction patterns. The type of barriers that exist today towards the effectual usage of VLE systems are segregated into two typical groups: those associating to the teachers and those connected to the establishment direction ( Becta, 2004 ) . Lack of good ICT installations could be another barrier ( Pelgrum, 2001 ) . Inadequate entree to computing machine installations and organisation of computing machine systems into VLE suits could besides be other barriers ( Fabry and Higgs, 1997 ) . Introduction of VLEs into primary school environment is a comparatively new phenomenon. With the coming of new communicating engineerings and tools, the instruction sector will see debut of sophisticated bringing systems that rely entirely on practical acquisition environment doctrines and aims. Barriers, when broken and shattered, will give manner over to the adaptation of VLEs in an drawn-out graduated table. However, instructors and the establishments may necessitate to utilize this system sagely and in a productive mode. Otherwise, they may merely neglect to accomplish the coveted aims. To cite Tony Bates ‘ words, â€Å" Good instruction may get the better of a hapless pick in the usage of engineering, but engineering will ne’er salvage bad instruction ; it normally makes it worse † ( 1995, p.12 ) . 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Flash Consultants Company Business Report

Question: Discuss about the Flash Consultants Company Business Report. Answer: Business Background Flash Telecom Company has been established as a marketing and consultancy firm for information and telecommunication.It is a new company with less than a year of operation. We specialize in marketing information and telecommunication products for our clients.Our main targets are telecommunication companies. We carry out market research for our clients and provide a custom solution to them. We seek to create good relationships with our clients, partners, employees and the public. Flash Consultancy is venturing into an existing market. However, we are approaching the market from a different perspective. Despite the current digital communication advancements we chose to use the face to face communication to enhance our market research and analysis for informed consultancy to our esteemed clients. We felt that through face-to-face our professional will be able to understand our clients better as they can learn from their body expressions which give more information about the emotional attachment of the client to a given product. Market research done online may not provide an honest response which is not the case while doing it face to face (McKinsy Company Home Digital, 2016). The researcher can be able to detect insincerity in the responses by observing the expression of the respondent. Our company, therefore, seeks to utilize this strength for better results to our clients. After researching on several systems, Flash consultancy opted to use Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system. Though costly, the ERP system offers a solution to many problems of a company. The system offers the company change in re-engineering business processes, coordinating geographically dispersed systems, consolidating data and empowering users to access the companys data. There are cases where the implementation of the system has failed and caused problems to the companies. In the instance of Cadbury U.S.A, the system failed because the company failed to implement the system like other Cadbury Companies in other countries and its employees found it difficult to use the system (Roy Saksena, 2014). In our company, the employees will be trained on how to use the system and also all our branches will be connected with one system for easier management. Customers Profile We look forward to working with many telecommunication companies with Vodafone being our main target. Vodafone is a multinational telecommunication company with its headquarters in London. It dominates in service offering in Asia, Europe, Africa and Oceania. The company operates networks across 26 countries and partners with over 50 networks in other countries. Market analysis Flash Consultancy was established to help the telecommunication service provider reach their consumers better and satisfy their needs. The company sees the need to establish a close relationship between the telecommunication companies and their customers. To accomplish this Flash consultancy conducts research markets for our clients and give the actual position of their products in the market. We also analyze consumer needs and preferences in line with our clients products. We research for consumer patterns, characteristics of the markets, consumer behavior and other market trends that may help our clients in achieving their goals.(Small Bussiness Chronicle, 2016). What are the customers need The main aim of any telecommunications company is to understand their market niche so as to p[provide the best services to them.(McKinsy Company Home Digital, 2016). However, they cannot accomplish this without proper market information. Our company will serve our clients by helping them to understand the consumer of their services and products (Paradis, 2012). We also assist in building superior networks and provide a sustainable growth for clients Our clients also have the desire to expand their markets further, and we can do that through our marketing strategies which involve adequate research on the market. We can help identify the problems in communication that the consumer face that can be solved by the products that our clients have. Consumer satisfaction is another major area that our clients need to look into. Every company wants to satisfy its customers with quality products. Our aim is to work with our clients in helping them research their consumer needs and the gaps in their market. Every company targets for growth we shall work with our clients to understand the opportunities in the market and how they can increase their income. The effectiveness of the company gives the company the competitive edge in the market. We shall to ensures that our client companies are set up to deliver on their objectives. The company needs to make an impact on the consumers that will leave them desiring for more. This can only be done by delivering the best service. We shall help our clients to engage more with their customers as well as retaining them by ensuring that they receive the best service. Our Services Flash Consultants offers the following marketing consultancy services to our clients. We carry out market analysis and research. We ensure there is consumer engagement. We conduct customer experience analysis. We develop customer retention programs. We ensure marketing efficiency. Launching of new products. Develop growth strategies. We carry out opportunity assessments. We forecast market trends. Coming up with branding and planning strategies The benefits of our service We shall assist our clients to carry out market analysis and research which will help make better marketing decisions. Our clients are mainly network operators, and they can use our analysis to reduce the defecting of customers. Our market research can help in identifying the risk of customer defection before they do it. When this is done the telecommunication company can strategize on how to adjust its services for customer retention. Customers can be deflecting due to high costs of communication which the company can adjust to retain its customers as well as gain new ones. We shall also assist telecommunication companies to create a clear positioning defined value proposition and a well-selected customer segment. Flash Consultancy will focus on developing platform based solutions in areas where our clients face technological disruption and provide them with additional growth potential (Steven El-Darwiche, 2015). Additionally assisting telecommunications companies to get extra value from their assets and gain a competitive edge over their competitors We shall work with our clients in strategizing how they minimize the cost of production and delivery using the cost leadership approach and increasing their marketing efficiency (Nielson, 2013). Our services will ensure that our client telcos improve their responsiveness to the market and increase their access to the customers. Thorough our market research, the consumers give their insights and can understand the customer needs and behaviors of our clients. By doing so, we identify a good market niche for our clients which they have a competitive edge over their competitors. (Lewis, 2017). Through our consumer engagement strategy will be able to work with our clients in developing positive interactions with their customers. This helps in creating a better service experience with them, and they will feel valued. Our marketing strategies are unique to ensure that our client companies align marketing and branding to ensure that their marketing investments are generating highest returns and their brands can satisfy their consumers. We also work with our clients and help them in building loyal customer base which earns the company huge profits. Loyal customers are also a reliable source of information for our clients. Our competitors Flash consultancy faces competition from consultancy firms in the telecommunication industry using digital data collection method in their market research. However, we have a competitive edge over them since we can interact with the consumers building strong partnerships. We also get accurate market information for our clients through face-to-face interactions (Toefl.Essays, 2009). Through our interactions with the consumers, we can learn the complains they may have over the products from our clients, with this information we can inform our customers who in turn make adjustments which help prevent customers from defecting. We can discuss better with or clients and come up with agreements and solutions to their problems. Our clients can interact with us, and hence they know us well. Therefore we can work together in helping them meet their targets. Uniqueness of our service We provide accurate research information about our clients market. We engage with our clients at a personal level. We can understand the needs our clients better due to our close interaction with them. We work together with telecommunication companies to ensure that they solve their crisis better. We assist our clients in designing market retention and expansion strategies. We seek to offer our clients with better services at lower prices. We seek to help our client companies to reduce their costs of production. This will help the lower the prices attached to products which will result to affordability and therefore increased consumption of their products (Bain Company, 2017). This will expand their market and consequently raise their profits. Our company is result oriented and focused on ensuring that our clients benefit fully from their potential by helping them reach more consumers as well as satisfying their consumer needs through providing them with adequate market information and professional guidance. Companys Strategy Flash Consultancy Company employs the cost leadership and competitive advantage strategy. We seek to provide high-quality marketing and consultancy services to our clients ( Scilly, 2011). We want to provide these services at the cheapest cost possible so as to minimize their cost of production and pass the saving to their consumers. Flash Company SWOT Analysis Strengths We use face to face communication strategy in our operations. We offer our services at lower cost. We provide accurate market information. We build a strong relationship without We have a highly qualified professional staff. Opportunities The information and telecommunication market is growing with increased competition. This call for good strategies in marketing for efficient Most companies have lost consumer touch due to increased use of digital communication our approach ensures that our clients re-build close relationships with their customers. Increased demand for new products in the market call for the proper branding of products and new marketing strategies. Weaknesses Financial constraints Threat Our face to face approach may face stiff competition from digital platforms. References Bain Company (2017) Customer Strategy and Marketing: Available from https://www.bain.com/consulting-services/customer-strategy-and-marketing/ Roy, C Saksena, S, (2014).ERP Implementation: Case Studies-Success and Failures. Available at:https://www.slideshare.net/ChitrangadaRoy1/case-study-on-erp-successcadbury-and-failurehersheys.{03 April, 2017} Deloitte,( 2015).Telecommunications Industry Consulting Services. Available at:https://www2.deloitte.com/us/en/pages/strategy/solutions/telecom-industry-deloitte--us-consulting.html. {03 April, 2017} Elinext, (2017).ERP for Telecom. Available at:https://www.elinext.com/erp/telecom/ Lewis, S., (2017).Telecommunications Advertising, and Marketing. Available at: http//:www.business.com/marketing. {03 April, 2017} McKinsy Company Home Digital, (2016). How telecom companies can win in the digital revolution. Available at: https://www.mckinsey.com/business-fuction/digital. {03 April, 2017} Nielson, J., (2013).The Two Business Strategies: Cost Leadership and Benefits Leadership [And Where Michael Porter Missed The Mark]. Available at: http//:www.theinnovativemanager.com. {03 April, 2017} Paradis, I., (2012).Whos Who- Top 37 telecom consulting firms 2012.Consulting firms and hot telecom research/estimatesData in red is estimated by hot telecom Sagaya, M., (2015).How to write a business project report? Tutorial points Articles Scilly, M., (2011).An example of Cost Leadership and Strategy marketing. Available at: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/examples-cost-leadership-strategy-marketing-12259.html Small Bussiness Chronicle, (2016). Best of Brand Strategy and Marketing Firms. Available at:https://smallbusiness.chron.com/importance-continuous-improvement-marketing-22878.html. {03 April, 2017} Steveblank, (2015).Market types and Revenue. 2 Minutes to find out why. Available at:https://steveblank.com/category/market-types/. {03 April, 2017} Steven, H., El-Darwiche, (2015). 2015 Telecommunications Trends. Available at:https://www.strategyand.pwc.com/trends/2015-telecommunications-trends. {03 April, 2017} Toefl.Essays, (2009).Face-to-face communication is better than other types. Available at: https:// onlyessays.blogspot.co.ke/2009/02/topic-49.html. {03 April, 2017}